Learn the History of Ice Hockey

Gain proficiency with the History of Ice Hockey The cause of ice hockey is obscure; nonetheless, ice hockey most likely developed from the round of field hockey that has been played in Northern Europe for a considerable length of time. The standards of current ice hockey were contrived by Canadian James Creighton. In 1875, the main round of ice hockey with Creightons rules was played in Montreal, Canada. This first composed indoor gameâ was played at Victoria Skating Rinkâ between two nine-player groups, including James Creightonâ and a few other McGill Universityâ students. Rather than a ball or bung, the game highlighted a level round bit of wood. The McGill University Hockey Club, the main ice hockey club, was established in 1877â (followed by the Quebec Bulldogsâ named Quebec Hockey Club and sorted out in 1878 and the Montreal Victorias, composed in 1881). In 1880, the quantity of players per side went from nine to seven. The number of groups developed, enough so the principal big showdown of ice hockey was held at Montreals yearly Winter Carnivalâ in 1883. The McGill group won the competition and was granted the Carnival Cup. The game was partitioned into 30-minute parts. The positions were presently named:â left and right wing,â center,â rover,â point and spread point, andâ goaltender. In 1886, the groups contending at the Winter Carnival sorted out the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (AHAC) and played a season including difficulties to the current victor. Stanley Cup Origins In 1888, the Governor-General of Canada, Lord Stanley of Prestonâ (his children and girl delighted in hockey), first went to the Montreal Winter Carnival competition and was dazzled with the game. In 1892, he saw that there was no acknowledgment for the best group in Canada, so he bought a silver bowl for use as a trophy. The Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup (which later got known as the Stanley Cup) was first granted inâ 1893â to the Montreal Hockey Club, victors of the AHAC; it keeps on being granted every year to the National Hockey Leagues title team. Stanleys child Arthur sorted out the Ontario Hockey Association, and Stanleys daughter Isobel was one of the principal ladies to play ice hockey. Todays Sport Today, ice hockey is an Olympic game and the most well known group activity played on ice. Ice hockey is played with two rival groups wearing ice skates. Except if there is a punishment, each group just has six players on the ice arena at once. The puck is a vulcanized elastic circle. The point of the game is to thump the hockey puck into the rival groups net. The net is protected by a unique player called the goalie. The principal fake ice arena (precisely refrigerated) was worked in 1876, at Chelsea, London, England, and was named the Glaciarium. It was worked close to the Kings Road in London by John Gamgee. Today, current ice arenas are kept spotless and smooth by the utilization of a machine called the Zamboni. Fiberglass Canada worked with Canadiens Goalie Jaques Plante to build up the first-historically speaking hockey goalie veil in 1960.

How to Find Quality Ethical Issues Papers

How to Find Quality Ethical Issues PapersEthical issues papers are normally considered as part of the broad spectrum of academic writing. Ethical issues paper is divided into three main sections. These include the introduction, the introduction to the body of the paper and the conclusion.If you're to look at ethical issues papers that are available in the market today, you will find a vast number of authors that offering such documents. These include investigative and social scientists, lawyers, psychotherapists, and educational experts. So, how can you make sure that you will get one that is applicable to your needs? The basic steps that you need to follow are to find out first about the organization that will provide you with such papers. Of course, it is best if you are going to go through the Internet.Since ethical issues papers are normally on demand, finding the right organization is important. The best way to identify them is to browse through online catalogs. By going through these websites, you will get to know about the different organizations that can provide you with such papers.In addition, you should find out whether the organization is affiliated with a university that offers classes in ethical issues papers. Most likely, the university will be the one to provide you with such papers, but you might find some that are independent from this institution. Furthermore, the better organizations will provide you with ethics documents that are also compatible with the scientific theories that they have been teaching in their courses.Usually, such organizations provide their documents in their own ways. For example, many of the publishers who deal with research ethics require a fee for their publications, but most of the time, they will send you ethical documents free of charge.Before you sign up with an organization to acquire ethics issue papers, you should always check if you will have to pay for the services of the company. You may also want to read c arefully all the terms and conditions that the company sets for you. It is best that you keep yourself updated with the latest developments in the field of ethical issues.Always remember that the growth of new ethical issues is being witnessed everyday, which can only make it difficult for the business and academic community to find the proper solution for their problems. It is crucial that they remain updated about the latest developments in this field, which is why it is crucial for you to subscribe to the latest ethics issue papers so that you can keep yourself up to date with the latest developments in this field.As soon as you have subscribed to the best ethical issues papers in the market, you will surely notice a difference between your abilities and those of your colleagues. You will soon discover that there are people who are smarter than you, and the rest of the world will be able to see that you have developed the capability to write ethical quality papers.

How can we distinguish between a liberal and a conservative in the Essay

How might we recognize a liberal and a preservationist in the United States What central suspicions separate these two philosophies - Essay Example Philosophies are framed by a person’s deepest convictions, developed by long periods of thought and formed by life’s various encounters. An ideological discussion causes a more emotive reaction in people than does some other. Political belief systems can never pass on and in politically violent occasions, for example, these, are especially alive. The 9-11 assaults, premature birth the war in Iraq, the loss of common freedoms, an unnatural weather change, human services, gay marriage, foundational microorganism look into and numerous other politically inspiring subjects have touched off enthusiastic ideological fights. This conversation clarifies the explanations behind and gives instances of the current ideological intensity in the U.S. furthermore, will clarify the inconsistencies of a bombed moderate belief system, which has been a central point in this enlivening. The fundamentals of Liberalism broadcast a solid conviction in vote based system and conviction that the sacred authority of the individuals will confine an incredible, extensive government. Liberal authoritative administration, somewhat through need, has impelled consistent legislative development well past where the designers of the constitution and most residents would support. The moderate belief system depends on their understanding of Christian-based profound quality. Preservationists are against the administration directing enterprises however are especially for enactment that controls the private lead of people and for propelling their strict plan paying little heed to the unsalvageable harm to social liberties and freedoms or the logical or protected proof that is in opposition to their sentiment. Premature birth, undifferentiated cells, encouraging advancement and gay marriage are superior instances of current ideological discussions among Conservatives and Liberals. Those of a moderate belief system are against authorizing fetus removal. They trust it to be murder and are crusading to spare babies’ lives. Be that as it may,

AP Calculus BC Review Integration By Substitution

Substitution is just one of the many techniques available for finding indefinite integrals (that is, antiderivatives). Lets review the method of integration by substitution and get some practice for the AP Calculus BC exam. The Substitution Rule Integration by substitution, also known as u-substitution, after the most common variable for substituting, allows you to reduce a complicated integral to one that is easier to work with. The formula works as follows. Suppose that F is an antiderivative for f. Then we have: In fact, you can think of the Substitution Rule as reversing the Chain Rule. Basically, this rule states that if you have a complicated integral like the one on the left, then it instantly reduces to a simpler one that can be worked out with no trouble. Okay, Im listening. However, the hard part is arranging a given integral in the right way. Thats where the step-by-step method outlined below comes in. Furthermore, substituting isnt a magic bullet that can tackle every integral. Just think of it as one powerful tool in your toolbox. For more tools and information about integration, check out the following resource. AP Calculus Review: Indefinite Integrals. The Method of Integration by Substitution Next lets review the main steps in u-substitution. Step 1. Choose Your Substitution If you want to use substitution, then the first thing to do is to identify what you want to substitute. In other words, you have to make a choice for what u = g(x) will be in your integral. But what should you choose? That comes with experience. There are a few good rules of thumb to follow when choosing u, but these are by no means fool-proof. So if the first choice doesnt work, try something else. Expression within a set of parentheses Expression within a radical Denominator (if the integrand is a single fractional expression) Either sin x or cos x if the other trig function is also present Exponent of e Trig (reverse) Substitution Step 2. Find the Differential Once youve decided on your substitution, the next step is to find its differential. Remember, the differential of a function of x is just its derivative times dx. So the differential of u = g(x) is du = g  (x)  dx, The reason you should do this step is that the differential provides a link between the dx from the original integral and the new integral, which will have du instead. Step 3. Rewrite the Integral Now you get to change the form of the integral. Replace g(x) by u, hopefully making the integrand a little simpler. But dont be worried if there are still expressions in the integral involving x. In fact, those leftover expressions can be traded out using du = g  (x)  dx. The only catch is that you have to have a perfect match in order to make the trade. Well see more about this point in the examples below. Step 4. Simplify and Integrate Next, check to see what variables are represented in the integral. If there are any leftover xs anywhere, or if the old differential dx is still in the integral, then the substitution is not complete. However if there are only expressions of u, and if the differential is du, then you can move on to the integration step. Simplify the integrand as much as possible. Hopefully the result is a much simpler integral (in the variable u) than the one you started with (in x). Now is the time to integrate! Can we integrate it? Yes we can! Image by JD Hancock. Step 5. Replace the Substitution Assuming you made it this far, you now have a function of the variable u (plus a constant of integration). The final step is to replace every u by its expression in x, namely the function g(x) that you chose back in Step 1. Examples Ok lets see if we can use the method of integration by substitution in a few examples. Example 1 — An Exponential Experience Solution The best choice for substitution would be the exponent of e. That is, u = x2. Then the differential would be: du = 2x  dx. However there is no constant 2 in the original integral. The best way Ive found to deal with mismatched constants is to divide them from both sides of the differential: . Then we can make our substitutions and solve the integral. Dont forget to replace your substitution at the end! Ive used blue for the u-substitution and red for its differential to make the process a little clearer. Example 2 — A Bit Trig-ier Solution This one is tricky. In fact, a simple integration by substitution wont work. Not until we rewrite the integrand using a trig identity, that is. Remember the Pythagorean Identity? Well it can be used to exchange squared powers of sine for cosine and vice versa. The key step here is to isolate a single factor of cos x and convert the remaining factor into an expression of sin x using the Pythagorean Identity. Now we can see what the substitution will be. Let u = sin x. Then the corresponding differential is: du = cos x dx. Fortunately, there is a perfect match for the differential this time. So the rest of the process is fairly straightforward. Just remember that sinn x stands for (sin x)n. Example 3 — Trig Substitution (Challenging) Whats Our Gameplan? As far as substitution problems go, this one is by far the hardest type that you may find on the AP Calculus BC test. The first natural choice for substitution, u = 4 + x2, wont work. The reason is that the differential, du = 2x dx, has that extra x in it that cannot be matched in the integrand. Instead, we will make something like a reverse substitution, called a trig substitution. When you have an expression like a2 + x2, then the trig substitution x = a tan ÃŽ ¸ often helps. Why? Because of the identity, 1 + tan2 ÃŽ ¸ = sec2 ÃŽ ¸. (Note, there are two other kinds of trig substitution. For more details, check out this video.) Lets see how a trig substitution can help us out in this situation. Solution Substitute x = 2 tan ÃŽ ¸ The differential is: dx = 2 sec2 ÃŽ ¸Ã‚  dÃŽ ¸, which tells us exactly how to replace dx in the original integral. Warning: this could get messy! Now after all that work, were in the home stretch! Simply rewrite the reciprocal of secant in a more useful form and integrate. Finally, we have to reinterpret the answer in the original variable x. The best way to do this is to think trigonometrically. Based on our chosen substitution, x = 2 tan ÃŽ ¸, we know that tan ÃŽ ¸ = x/2. Interpret this information in a right triangle. The opposite side could be x while the adjacent side is 2. That makes the hypotenuse equal to: (Doesnt that expression look familiar?) Therefore, sin ÃŽ ¸, which is opposite over hypotenuse, is equal to: Putting it all together, Conclusion Integration by substitution is a powerful tool that gets used quite often in practice. Its worth your time to master this technique in order to score as high as possible on the AP Calculus BC exam.

Roman Religion Essay - 1145 Words

Religion played a significant role in the Roman civilization but, â€Å"many people believe that Rome was not a religious place. What they probably mean is that it was not a moral place.† (Burrell, 65) The Romans had innumerable gods that they worshiped which included giving gifts and sacrificing for their gods. Sacrificing animals was common for ancient Roman civilization. The idea of sacrificing came from the people before the Roman Empire was built. Religion primarily used sacrificing as a means of showing appreciation to the gods but later became a way to get things from the gods. The increases in the expansion of Rome lead to an increasing number of sacrifices. Roman sacrifice was done in many different ways and there were numerous†¦show more content†¦Romans utilized praying to gods to make them successful or likely, not to make them better or nobler therefore, â€Å"Romans never seemed to mind how many different beings they had to worship.† (Burrell, 65) Romans would pray more often to increase the chance they had of their prayers being heard by a god. Romans sacrificed or offered gifts to gods, heroes and the dead to request assistance. There were six categories that they sacrificed for based on motives, â€Å"fulfillment of a vow, thank offering, offerings made in the expectation of favours, sacrifices made at the instigation of the gods, sacrifices as a result of divination and anniversary dedications.† (Adkins) The most common type of sacrifice was the fulfillment of a vow. Through this method, a person is requesting an action from a god a promise of a sacrifice is made. The next method, a thank offering was a result of a favor granted freely. Offerings made in the expectation of favours is a sacrifice would be made to a god and with anticipation of the request being granted, usually the request would be for the health of a given person. Unlike the vow method the person doing the sacrifice is not expecting a guaranteed fulfillment. Sacrifices made at the instigation of gods are preformed when a person felt that a sacrifice was necessary through a dream or another sign from a specific god. Sacrifices as a result of divination, â€Å"were a result of consulting oracles.† A personShow MoreRelatedRoman Religion And The Roman Empire1799 Words   |  8 PagesThe Roman Empire is one of the most well-known countries in recorded history. And this is primarily because it continues to aw e people via it s architecture, military, art, philosophy, and technology. But one of the greatest footprints Ancient Rome has left for us to study and admire is its culture. As in any society, culture in the Roman Empire was of great importance. The Romans had many beliefs, behaviors, and customs, but one of the things that stood out the most in their culture was their religionRead MoreThe Ancient Roman And Roman Religion2489 Words   |  10 PagesIn the ancient Roman world, religion played the most important role in everyday life, as well as in matters of the state. The Romans looked to the gods for political stability and for control of the unexplainable and natural phenomenon. The gods were believed to control all aspects of Roman life, and for that reason, a great deal of importance was placed in the appropriate worship of the gods. Women played an extremely influential role in ancient Roman religion. Not only did they participateRead MoreThe Greek And Roman Religion1315 W ords   |  6 Pages The Greek and Roman religions were the two major religions that were established in the ancient world. Greek religion was the first to be recognized and instituted, followed by the Roman religion. Many people believed that the Romans mimicked the Greek religion; however this was a common misconception, even though they appeared to be the same there are many distinctions between the Romans and the Greeks. Even the similarities between the two religions had slight distinctions, like their gods, theyRead MoreThe Religion Of The Roman Empire Essay1834 Words   |  8 Pagesworld around them through the devotion and compliance of religious beliefs. Religion was an instrumental part of culture, it shaped traditions and forged the identity of different societies. The Roman Empire experienced a transcendental cultural shift through the acceptance and subsequent endorsement of Christianity. Although first seen as a threat, it eventually became the official religion of t he Roman Empire. This religion of salvation is one of the most practiced faiths around the world today; Christianity’sRead MoreThe Greek And Roman Religion943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Greek and Roman religion was polytheistic. They believed that there were many gods to follow and be impacted by. They believed that these gods dominated the natural world around them. They would pray to the gods and hope that the gods somewhat help them in some way. â€Å"Their religious goal is known as propitiation and is what makes Greco-Roman polytheism substantially different from the currently-dominant religions of the occidental world, which are soteriological instead. The worldview that theRead MoreThe Celtic And Roman Religions Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Religion of Celts Though there are records of deity names, and archaeological remains including altars, little is known about the specific religious beliefs of the Celts. Their burial practices included burying food, weapons, and ornaments with their dead, which suggests a belief in life after death. The druids, the early Celtic priesthood, were said by Caesar to have taught the doctrine of transmigration of souls along with astronomy and the nature and power of the gods. Transmigration is aRead MoreEssay Ancient Roman Religion3532 Words   |  15 Pageslate empire, religion had played a great role in its society and was involved in almost every aspect of the life of the Roman citizen. It was common for each house to have its own patron god/gods and ,on special occasions, the head of the house would make a sacrifice to the personal gods of the family. Also, great festivals were usually held in honor of certain gods and would include spectacles like chariot races and Gladiatorial fights. The religious practices of the ancient Romans are best rememberedRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Roman Religion984 Words   |  4 PagesCheyenne Pichel HI 201 Christianity vs. Roman Religion There are many differences between Christianity and Roman religion. There are also similarities between the two of how they both worshipped in a place even if the place was different. Big difference is that they believed in gods and also they had different ways of religious. Roman did not like people turning away from Roman religion, and that caused harsh punishment to Christian to occur. Christianity became popular in Rome is afterRead MoreThe Role Of Religion On Roman Society3350 Words   |  14 Pages Abstract This essay investigates the role of religion and the importance of Roman society and politics. It will show the origin of Roman Religion, such as the pantheon, origin myths and the effect of foreign influence on Rome. This paper will also go into immense study of how religion affected Roman society through the likes of cult worship and domestic religion. It will also show the importance of politics on Roman religion, such as, the Imperial Cult, Vestal Virgins but more or lessRead MoreWomen And Roman Religion And Its Impact On Society Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesThe female role in Greek and Roman religion and its impact on society Throughout the ancient world, the aspects to which a successful society thrive under have been skewed, except for that of religion. Although a universal religion has never been adopted, most empires tend to follow a basic outline similar to one another. In relation to Greeks and Romans, this ideology still holds true. Religion between these two societies have had their differences, but for the most part they have kept the same

Research Paper Marjane Satrapi - 756 Words

Beset with the unthinkable, the Islamic Revolution defines turbulent times for many Iranians (Tehran). Numerous females including Satrapi were robbed of their social rights due to westernizing and secular efforts (Tehran). In turn, the Islamic Revolution undermined the younger Satrapi’s ability to come to terms with her own identity; nevertheless, she now writes to share her experience with oppression and her later journey towards cultural integration. It is a historical dispute that woman did not have their share of say in the revolutionaries’ political agenda (Mouri). In the months following the Revolution, obligatory hijabs were decreed (Mouri). Girls of every age rank were forced to wear a veil. Several active Iranian female†¦show more content†¦Marjane’s life eventually plummeted leading her to homelessness, bronchitis, and drug abuse (Hattenstone). Defeated, she escaped the havoc by returning home, ultimately surrendering herself to the lifestyle s he once rejected (Hattenstone). Unfortunately, the hijab and restricted style options weren’t Satrapi’s mere concern. Upon her arrival home, Satrapi dealt with more prejudice than she had originally anticipated. She was known as the Western Iranian, which made her cultural transition in Iran especially difficult. Her later diagnosis with depression fostered even more mayhem within her life resulting in suicidal attempts. Her early 20’s were indeed tempestuous times as she struggled to establish and integrate herself into foreign customs. The end of the Islamic Revolution didn’t necessarily mean that the essence of corruption and repression were eradicated. In fact, the bitterness lingered for another 30 years shaping a void for many Iranian women. The marriage age for females was lowered to nine, and they lacked the rights to obtain divorce. Meanwhile, their male counterparts were able to assume full custody of their children, obtain unilateral divorce, and have as many wives as they desired. In all, females received a lot of harsh treatment if they failed abide by the restrictive nature of Islamic rule. For a female foreigner like Satrapi, simply bearing a different style of clothing orShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Complete Persepolis 2283 Words   |  10 Pagesthe book, the author, Marjane Satrapi, recounts her life in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and the difficulties she encountered. She struggled with restricted freedoms, strict religious rule, and a sense of statelessness. In the opening illustrations, she describes her childhood and her transition from a secular school to one that was religious and separated by gender. At this time it had become law for a woman to wear the veil, or head scarf when in public. Satrapi talks of how she â€Å"didn’tRead MoreMemories And The Formation Of Reality1666 Words   |  7 PagesBut where does the use of imagination and memories stop? By examining memor y represented in animation and film, through Bartlett’s theory of schema, we can see how the film develops an active organized method to distinguish reality from memory. This paper examines five films based on memory, thus arguing that imagination does not distort memory in animation, but create a role as a form of embellishment for the film to help memory. Fredrick Bartlett is a British psychologist from Cambridge UniversityRead MoreMemories And The Formation Of Reality1688 Words   |  7 Pageswhere does the use of imagination and memories stop? By examining memory represented in animation and film, through Bartlett’s theory of schema, we can see how the film develops an active organized method to recognize reality through memory. This paper is examining five films based on the theme of memory, thus arguing that imagination does not distorted memory in animation, but create a role as a form of embellishment for the film to help memory. Fredrick Bartlett is a British psychologist fromRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesWorld, by Jostein Gaarder (1991) English Music, by Peter Ackroyd (1992)[39] The Gods Laugh on Mondays, by Reza Khoshnazar (1995) About a Boy, by Nick Hornby (1998) The Perks of Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky (1999)[40] Persepolis, by Marjane Satrapi (2000)[41] 21st century[edit] The Secret Life of Bees, by Sue Monk Kidd (2002)[42] The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini (2003)[43] The Fortress of Solitude, by Jonathan Lethem (2003) [44] Never Let Me Go, by Kazuo Ishiguro (2005)[30] Looking for

Law for Recover Damages

Question: Discuss about the Report of Law for Recover Damages. Answer: Issue: After going through the facts that have been given for this assignment, certain issues emerge. The first issue is related with remoteness of damages. Steve can be held liable for the loss suffered by Tom? The second issue is related with the enforceability of the gratuitous promise. In this case, Pamela had not provided any fresh consideration in return of the promise made by Steve gave her a car for the weekend. The third issue that has to be decided in this case is related with the effect of mistake on a contract. In this case, the car was already destroyed regarding which Danny and Steve had made a contract. The last issue in this case is related with promissory estoppel. Trisha had spent several thousand dollars for making customized components while Steve claims that he had signed the contract by mistake. Law: The test that can be used for deciding the remoteness of contractual damages was provided by the court in Hadley v Baxendale (1854). Recently, this is each commercial law was again decided by the court in The Achilleas (2008). In this way, during the recent years, the test provided in Hadley v Baxendale as defined by the courts. This is a leading case of English contract law. This case provides the basic rule that can be used for deciding consequential damages arising out of a breach of contract. According to this rule, a breaching party will be held liable regarding all the losses that have been suffered by the other party and should have been foreseen by the contracting parties. Therefore, such a party will not be held liable for the losses suffered by the other party which could not be seen by the breaching party on the basis of the information provided to such a party. For example in this case, Hedley had sued Baxendale for the profits that he had lost as a result of the late del ivery. The court declined to allow the recovery of lost profit and stated that the other party can only be held liable for the losses that were generally foreseeable by such a party or if the special circumstances should have been mentioned to the party in advance. Regarding the second issue, the law of contract provides that a past consideration is not changed by the law as a valid consideration. In Re McArdle (1951), Majorie McArdle had performed some improvements and repairs on a bungalow. The bungalow was a part of the estate of her husband's father who had left the property to her husband and four of his siblings. After the work was done, the brothers and sisters had signed the document according to which, in consideration of these repairs, the executors promised to pay 480 but the payment was not made. In this case, the court stated that the promised to pay 480 was made after the consideration has already been performed. As a result, the promise regarding the payment was not binding as past consideration is not valid. Regarding the third issue, the validity of the agreement between the parties can be affected if one or both of the parties are under a mistake. A unilateral mistake is a mistake on the part of one party to the contract. The mistake that is unknown to the other party generally does not impact the enforceability of the contract. Similarly, a unilateral mistake concerning a fact does not effect a validity of the contract. But in case both the parties to the contract under the same mistake regarding a defect, the agreement is considered to be void. Therefore, an example will be considered as void if both the parties to the contract RN mistake that the contract can be performed while in reality, it is not possible to perform the contract. In such a case, the agreement is void (Bell v Lever Brothers Ltd., 1931). According to the doctrine of promissory estoppel, damages can be recovered by a party if these damages have been caused as a result of the promise made by the promisor and such promise was difficult enough so that the promisee may act on it. The elements that should be present in this regard are that the promisor should have made a promise significant enough due to which the promisee had acted on it. The promisee had relied on such a promise and a significant detriment has been suffered by the promisee. Relief can be provided if the promisor fulfilled the promise. In such a case, the presence of a valid contract is not necessary. The court will see if there was detrimental reliance on changing position on part of the promisee. Application: Therefore an injured party is allowed by the law to recover damages that can be reasonably considered as being naturally arising as a result of a breach of contract or the damages that were within the reasonable contemplation of the parties when they entered into the contract. In the present case, Tom cannot be allowed to recover the damages of $5000 per day as his loss in profits because this loss cannot be reasonably contemplated by Steve that no information was given by Tom regarding this loss. Similarly in the second case, the consideration provided Pamela can be described as past consideration. In the eyes of law, a past consideration is not valid. Therefore an enforceable contract has not been created between Pamela and Steve. Regarding the issue between Danny and Steve, it can be said that both the party is rendered a mistake as the subject matter of the contract and already destroyed before the parties have entered into the contract. As a result in this case, the contract between Danny and Steve is void. Concerning the issue between Steve and Trisha, although Steve had signed the contract by mistake but Trisha had already acted on the promise made by Steve. She had spent several thousand dollars for making the customized components. As a result, in this case, Trisha can enforce the agreement against Steve. Conclusion: Tom cannot recover the damages of $5000 per day as his loss in profits because this loss cannot be reasonably contemplated by Steve that no information was given by Tom regarding this loss. Similarly, Pamela had not provided any consideration in return of the promise. The contract between Danny and Steve is void. Trisha can enforce the agreement against Steve. References Bell v Lever Brothers Ltd [1931] UKHL 2 Hadley v Baxendale [1854] EWHC J70 Re McArdle (1951) Ch 669 The Achilleas [2008] UKHL 48